Press



Feb. 22,1927. m ,912

- J. w. BROWN. JR

PREss v Filed Deb. 26. 1923 5 s Sheets-Sheet 1 a 6 O 0 6 0 8 6 O 6 a 0 o 0 o 0 0 0 0 Feb. 22, 1927.

J. W. BROWN. JR

FRESS Fil ed Dec. 26. 192:

'3 Sheets-Sheet 2 J. W. BROWN, JR

PRESS Filed Dec. 26. 1923 I5 Sheets-Sheet 3 I Feb. 22, 1927.

I.- n I Patented Feb. 22, 1927.

UNITED STATES.

JOHN WILSON BROWN, J B1 013 PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA.

PRESS.

Application filed December 26, 1923. Serial No. 682,788.

My invention relates to presses and more especially to embossing presses.

The object of my invention is to provide a press which combines the advantages of the mechanically operated press with those of the hydraulic type and which in many re-. spects is'not affected with the faults of either. As compared with the toggleor crank-operated press, its possible speed of production is at least six times asgreat; the wear on itsmoving parts is much less; the mechanical efliciency thereofis much higher; and the pressure imposed is limited and adjustable. i

As compared with the ordinary hydraulic press, the dies are closed to a definite distance apart irrespective of the pressure required to so close them (so long as such pressure does not exceed the limit fixed); its cycle of operation is mechanically fixed so that automatic or semi-automatic feeding attachments may be applied thereto; it requires no pumps and it has no operating valves; only the energy actually requiredjfor the work is consumed as contrasted with a consumption of energy at maximum rate throughout the whole stroke of hydraulic presses.

According to -my invention, I provide a press, wherein the ratio between the period during which the metal to be'pressed is subjected to the operation of the principal pressure element of the press and the period of the entire cycle of operation of the-press is large. This ratio is not less than six times as large as the corresponding ratio in the case of presses of the toggleor crank-operated type.- Since the time required for the flow of themetal in any particular case is constant, it follow's that my device may be operated at not less than six times the speed of presses of those typesfIn my press, the moving parts which sustain the pressure are at rest during the main pressure period, therebyavoiding the excessive unit pressures and friction in the toggle and crank-operated presses and so reducing the wear and increasing the mechanical efliciency. 1

With these and other objects in mind, my invention further consists in the details of construction and operation hereinafter set forth and claimed and illustrated in the accompanying drawing, wherein Fig. 1 is a side elevational view of one form of embodiment of my invention;

tioned may be. more rigidly secured in 0- cally-upright members 3 Fig. 2 is" a longitudinal sectional view 4 taken on the line II'II of Fig. 1;

Fig. 3 is a similar view taken on the line IIIIII of Fig. 1;

Fig. 4 is a horizontal sectional view,

wherein the sectional plane is taken on the W lineIV-IV of Fig. 2; v h

Fig. 5 is a similar view taken on the line V,V of Fig. 3;

Fig. 6 is a longitudinal, sectional, detail view of the safety apparatus taken on the my invention shown in the drawing, I provide a press frame 1 comprising a plurality of hollow rectangular supporting elements 2, 3 and 4 which are vertically positioned in spaced relation on a bed plate'5, the upper ends thereof being secured by a "common member 6. The several parts just mensition by means of pairs of tie rods 7, 8 and 9 which extend between the upper supporting member 6, and the bed plate 5 through the vertically-upright hollow members 2, 3

and 4, respectively.

The vertically-upright supporting memhers-2, 3 and 4: are provided near their up per ends with rearwardly extending projections 11, 1.2 and 13 providing supports for bearings 14, 15 and 16 (Fig. 4). A horizontal drivingsh-aft 17 is revolubly mounted in bearings 15 and 1am will appear more fully hereinafter. J An end portion 18 of the shaft 17 is provided with a keyed'sleevej19' having a flange 21. A main driving gear-wheel 22 is mounted on the keyed sleeve 19 and it is rigidly secured in position by means of a locking member 23 which extends through registering perforations 24- and 25 in the flange 21 and in the gear-wheel 22, respectively. A retaining plate 26 is attached to the end of the shaft portion 18 and it serves to secure the driving gear-wheel 22 more rigidly in position. v i

- A tool-holding element 27 (Fig. 5),]which constitutes the mechanically-actuated pressure clement ofthe press, isprovided with beveled sliding surfaces 28 and 29 which en-. gage correspondingly formed guide surfaces 31 and 32which areformed in inwardly proand 34r-of the verti jecting side portions 33 and 4 respectively.

The member 27 is provided with additional sliding surfaces 35 and 36 which engage cooperating guide surfaces 37 and 38 in the supporting projections and 34, respectively, the latter guide surfaces being so positioned as to avoid rearward movement of the sliding member 27.

Forward movement of the sliding member 27 :is avoided by means of retaining plates 39 and 41, which embrace sliding surfaces 42 and 43 on the member 27. The latter sliding surfaces 42 and 43 are oppositely positioned with respect to the sliding surfaces '35 (and 36, respectively. The slidable mounting for the movable pressure element 27 just described thus provides for a vertical reciprocating movement "only. when the retaining plates 39 and 41 are in 119081171011, but permitting the quick removal of the sliding element .27 from the supporting structure when the retaining plates are removed. 4

An upper endportion of the ,press element 27 has secured thereto one end of a toggle- .joi-n-t 344, the other end of which is mounted on the top plate 6. The toggle-joint 44 may be actuated by means of a link 45 which is pivotally mounted on a rockernarm 46 carried by a horizontally positioned shaft 47 Theshaft- 47 is mounted at its opposite ends in bearings 48 and 49 formed in' the vertioally-upright members 3 .and 4. The rocker arm 46 and, consequently, the slidable element 2'? may be reciproeated in accordance with the irregular outline of a groove 51 formed :inaoam 52, which is keyed :to .a portion of the shaft 17 extending }between the bearings 15 and 16, by reason of the projection from the rocker \arm 46 :into the groove 51 of a follow-element.

The design of the .cam- 52 and more especi-all'y the resulting movement of the pressure element "27 is illustrated by curve a of Fig. 7, wherein ordinates represent extent of movement and abscissae rep-resent angular displacement of the main driving shaft 17. As "herein shown, motion =of the cam 52 and the driving shaft 117 through an angle 0?), corresponding to a peripheral distance 06 on the cam 52, causes the toggle-actuated pressure element .27 to remain in pressureexerting position, which will be explained .more fully hereinafter.

:Eurther motion of the cam 52 through nn-angle 0c0b, corresponding -to a peripheral distance 6 0 on the same. causesthe element 27 to \be moved :upwardly to its in- .effectiwe' position' shown in Fig. 2 where it remains while the cam moves through an angle oak-o0, corresponding to a peripheral distance "6 61 As'the cam 52 moves from the latter ,position through an angle 0c.0rZ,

1 corresponding to .a peripheral distance (Z 0 position where it is held while the cam 52 moves through the remainder of the revolution, which corresponds to a peripheral distance do.

A remaining pressure element 54 (Figs. 1 and 2) of the press comprises the ram of a hydraulically-actuated apparatus 55. The apparatus '55 comprises a vertically-upright cylinder 56 extending from the bed plate 5 and provides a slidable mounting for the movable pressure element or ram 54. A toolsupport 57 may be mounted on the upper end of the ram 54 and it is caused to extend 7 up through. a perforation 58 which is formed in a plate 59..the latter being removably positioned on lugs extending. from the vertically-upright members 3 and 4. The vertical position of the path of travel of the pressure element 54 with respect to the eylinder 56 may be adjusted by an annular member 60-which is positioned in arecess61 formed in the upper end of the pressure element 54 and secured in threaded engagement with the cylinder 56. The annular member 60 also fixes accurately the final upward position of the ram 54 at each stroke of the machine. The ram 54 normally moves through the .same vertical distance at each stroke of the machine. An upper side of the recess 61 may he formed by a p'late62, which .is removably secured to the end portion of the ram element- 54, whereby the annular member 60 may be removed from the recess 61 when desired.

-'The base portion of the cylinder 56 extending below the ram 54 is provided with a pressure inlet opening 63. which com-- :munica'tes by a pipe 64 with an outlet- 65 of acylinder 66, the latter being provided witli an enlargedp'ortion 67 and a restricted por- 'tion 68. Mounted in the cylinder 66 and adapted "to reciprocate therein is a plunger 69 having an enlarged upper portion 70 and arestricted lower portion 71. Resting on the top of the plunger 69 is a cross head 72 which is slida'b'ly mounted in recesses 73 and 74 (Fig. 5) formed in lower portions 7 5 and E76 of the upright projections 11 and 12. respectively p q p A pin 77 is positioned between opposite side walls 78 and '79 of cross head' 72'and it is provided. with alooselymounted roller 81 which engages with a "cam 82. 'The cam '82 is keyed to the end portion of the hori-V zontailly positioned driving shaft 17 andiit :is provided with axial cylindrical projecram 54 will always be propelled to the final V tions 83 and 84, which are journaled in the bearings 14and 15.. respectively, all as shown an Fig. 4 of the drawings.

position fixed for it. This arrangement, however, also provides a surplus-of liquid for the accommodation of which provision must be made. In order to provide for this surplus and to provide for the further surplus which will be developed in case of abnormalobstruction of the motion of ram 54, I provide a bypass apparatus 88 (Figs. 2 and 6). This comprises a cylindrical member 89 having an enlarged portion 91 and a restricted portion 92 for the reception of enlarged and restricted piston portions 93a-nd 94, respectively. The restricted cylinder portion 92 is provided with an inlet opening 95 which communicates through a'pipe- 96 with the. pipe 64. The portion of the cylinder 91 above the enlarged piston portion 93 is provided with an inlet opening for a pipe 97 which communicates with a reservoir of compressed air (not shown) adapted to be maintained at a desired pressure.

The restricted cylinder portion 68, the communicating pipe 64. the space between the base of the ram 54 and the base of the cylinder 56, the pipe 96, that part of the restricted cylinder portion 92 which is below the piston 94 and the supply pipe 85 eonstitute what might'be called the hydraulic system. Unless altered by moving the annular member 60, the volume of this hydraulic system is constant and no liquid is normally discharged from or introduced into it. Any leakage from this system is replaced by a supplypipe which opens into pipe 64. The pipe 85 is provided with a check valve 86. The pressure of the liquid in pipe 85 behind the check valve must not exceed 12 inches of water. The enlarged'cylinder portion '67 (Fig. 3) is provided with an opening which communicates through a pipe 87 with a source of compressed air (not shown), whereby a positive and continuous upward force of constant amount may be exertedon the cross-head roller 81 tending to maintain it in contact with the cam 82.

When the cam 82 is rotated, through the turning of the driving shaft 17, and the restricted plunger portion 71, as a consequence, is reciprocated in the restricted cylinder portion 68, the liquid in the hydraulic system operates to cause a corresponding reciprocation of the ram 54. So soon as the total pressure of the liquid on therestricted pis.

ton portion 94 exceeds the total pressure of the air on the enlarged piston portion 93, the flow of liquid into the cylinder 56 ceases and the liquid delivered by the piston 71 passes into the bypass apparatus raising its piston. Since the bypass apparatus is large enough to accommodate the entire displacement of piston 71, the pressure in the hydraulic systemcannot exceed the predetermined amount nor can the ram 54 exert more than the predetermined pressure. As the piston 71 retires, the piston of the bypass first falls to its lowest position restoring to the rotating parts of the machine the energy which it absorbed during its rise and then the ram 54 returns to its lowest position.

The design of the cam 82 is such that the pressing period, that is, the time during which the pressed metal may flow, is a maximum. In the curve diagram of Fig. 7 curve 7 illustrates the movement of the ram 54 incident to the turning of the cam 82. As herein shown, movement of the cam 82 through an angle 0g, corresponding to a circumferential distance 0 9 on the cam 82, causes the pressure on the plunger 69 to be released, thereby permitting the ram 54 to move from its uppermost pressure-exerting position to its lower ineffective position. Further actuation of the cam 82 through an angle 0h0g, corresponding to the circumferential distance g h efi'ects no change in position of the ram 54. As the cam 82 is actuated through the remainder of the revolution, corresponding to the circumfenential distance it 0, a downward movement. of the plunger 69 ensues and, consequently, an upward movement of the ram element 54 to effect the pressing of such work as may be contained between itself and the toggleactuated press element 27 In practice, the cams 82 and 52 are so arranged with relation to one another on the horizontally-positioned driving shaft 17 that the toggle actuated element 27 is first actuated downwardly and immediately thereafter the ram element 54 is actuated upward- 1y, whereby such work as is positioned intermediate said elements may be pressed, all. as shown by the relative arrangement of curves at and f in Fig. 7. VVhen' the ram 54 has reached the upper limit of its stroke at the end of the pressing period, cam 82 operates to cause the lowering of the same, while cam 52 operates at a later period to eifect the raising of'the pressure element 27.

lVhile I have shown but one embodiment of my invention, for the purpose of describing the same and illustrating its principles of construction and of operation, it is apparent t-hatvarious changes and modifications may be made in the'nature and the mode of operation and the details of con-.

struction without departing from the spirit and scope of my invention. I desire, therefore, that only such limitations shall be imposed thereon as are indicated in the appended claims or as are demanded by the prior art.

I claim: c

1. A ram, means for operating said ram, a second ram, a. cylinder for said second ram, a cam, a piston operated by said cam, a cylinder in which said piston reciprocates, and a passage connecting the cylinders.

2. Two opposed rams, means for advanc- Lil ing one ram to a fixed position, means for advancing the other ram to a fixed position, and means for limiting the pressure which can be imposed by said second ram, said pressure limiting means being adapted to return to said second-mentioned means the energy absorbed when said pressure exceeds a predetermined value.

3. A cam, a am operated by said cam, a second cam, a piston operated by said second cam, a cylinder in which said piston reciprorates, a second ram, a cylinder in which said second ram reciprocates and a passage connecting said two cylinders.

4. A. ram adapted to advance to a fixed position, a second ram adapted to impose a fixed pressure, and a common power shaft for actuating both rams.

5. A. ram, means for operating said ram,

a second ram, a cylinder for said second ram,

a cross-head, a roller for associating said cam and said cross-head, a piston, a cylinder in which said piston reciprocates, and a pipe connecting the cylinders.

6. A ram, means for reciprocating said ram, a second ram, a cam adapted to operate said second ram, and hydraulic means for connecting said cam to said second ram.

7. In a press, relatively movable pressure elements adapted to serve as tool supports, mechanical means for reciprocating one of said elements, hydraulic means for reciprocating the other of said elements, and means for so interconnecting said elements that the same are successively moved one toward the other.

8. In a press, relatively movable pressure elements adapted to serve as tool supports, mechanical means for reciprocating one of said elements, hydraulic means for reciprocating the other of said elements, and means for so interconnecting said elements that one completes a reciprocation subsequent to the other.

9. In combination, a toggle-actuated member constituting one pressure element of a machine, a hydraulically-actuated member constituting the other pressure element of a machine, and means for interconnecting said members, whereby said toggle-actuated member and said hydraulically-actuated member are automatically successively actuated together.

10. In a machine, a movable member constituting a pressure element of said machine, a supporting member, a toggle-joint secured to said movable member and to said supporting member, a cam, and linkage operatively associating said cam and said togglejoint, whereby the movable member is actuated in accordance with the design of the cam.

11. In a machine, a movable member constituting a pressure element, a supporting member, a togg1e-joint secured to said movable member and to said supporting memher, a pivotally mounted lever, a link operatively associating said toggle-joint and said lever, and a cam for moving said lever in accordance with the design thereof.

12. In a machine, a movable member constituting a pressure element, a supporting member, a toggle-joint secured to said movable member and to said supporting memher, a pivotally mounted lever, a link operatively associating said toggle-joint and said lever, a revoluble member having a groove of predetermined design, and a member extending from said lever into said groove, whereby said pressure element may be actuated in accordance with the design of said groove.

13. In a machine, a ram constitutin pressure element thereof, a cylinder for sIidably mounting said ram provided with a pressure inlet opening, means for controlling the length of stroke of said ram, a cylinder having an outlet opening associated with said inlet opening, a piston in cylinder last mentioned, mechanism for operating said piston in accordance with a predetermined cycle, and safety apparatus operable to bypass the ram.

let. In a machine, a ram constituting a pressure element thereof, a cylinder for slidably mounting said ram provided with a pressure inlet opening, means for controlling the length of stroke of said ram, a cylinder having an outlet opening associated with said inlet opening, a piston in cylinder last mentioned, and mechanism for operating said piston in accordance with a predetermined cycle.

15. In a machine, a ram constituting a pressure element thereof, a cylinder for slidably mounting said ram provided with a pressure inlet opening, a cylinder having an outlet opening associated with said inlet .opening, a plunger in cylinder last-mentioned, mechanism for operating said plunger in accordance with a predetermined cycle, and safety apparatus operable to by-pass said ram, said safety apparatus comprising a cylinder provided with a piston and having an opening on one side of said piston associated with said pressure inlet openin 16. In a machine, a ram constituting a pressure element thereof, a cylinder for slidably mounting said ram provided with a pressure inlet opening. a cylinder having an outletopening associated with said inlet opening, a plunger, means for operating said plunger in accordance with a predetermined cycle and safety apparatus operable to bypass said ram. said apparatus comprising a cylinder provided with a piston and having openings on opposite sides of said piston, one of said openings being associated with said cylinder outlet opening, the other-of said openings being adapted to receive a fluid under pressure, the displacement of said ram through its stroke being less than the displacement of said piston through its stroke. i

, 17. In combination, a movable member, a plunger having an enlarged portion and a restricted portion and a cylinder having portions of different diameters adapted to receive said plunger portions, the enlarged cylinder portion having a fluid-pressure inlet opening, whereby said plunger may be actuated toward said movable member, therestricted cylinder portion having a liquid opening, and a ram communicating with said liquid opening.

18. In combination, a driving member, a plunger in operative relation thereto and having enlarged and restricted portions,'and a cylinder having correspondingly enlarged and restricted portions, one cylinder portion being designed to contain fluid under constant pressure and provided with an inlet opening for same, the other cylinder port-ion being provided with an opening for actuating liquid, and pressure actuated apparatus associated with said last-mentioned openi11 19. In combination, a cross-head, means for moving said cross-head in accordance with a predetermined cycle, a plunger in engagement with said cross-head, means for forcing said plunger into contact with said cross-head, and a ram operatively associated with said plunger and adapted to be operated thereby. I

20. The combination with a cross-head, of means for moving said cross-head in accordance with a predetermined cycle, a plunger in operative engagement with said crosshead, fluid means for forcing said plunger into contact with said cross-head, and a ram operatively associated with said plunger and adapted to be actuated thereby, said ram constituting a pressure element of a press.

21. In a machine, a cross-head, means for moving said cross-head in accordance with a predetermined cycle, a plunger actuated by said cross-head, means for forcing said plunger into contact with said cross-head, a ram, fluid means for operatively associating said plunger and said ram, the latter constituting a pressure element of said machine, and apparatus operable to limit the pressure on the ram to a predetermined amount.

22. In a press, relatively-movable pressure elements adapted to serve as tool supports, mechanical means for reciprocating one of said elements, hydraulic means for reciprocating the other of said elements, and means for interconnecting said elements,

, amount.

,members,

whereby said elements are moved one toward the other, said hydraulic means including apparatus operable to limit the pressure on the ram to a predetermined '23. A vertically positioned press comprising an upper toggle-actuated member constituting one pressure element of said press, a lower hydraulically-actuated member constituting a lower pressure element of said press, mechanism for interconnecting said whereby said toggle-actuated member and said hydraulically-actuated member are operated successively, and means automatically operable to limit the pres sure of said hydraulically-actuated member to a predetermined amount. 1

24. In combination, aram, a cylinder providing a slidable mounting for said ram, the outer end of said ram having an annular recess, and adjustable means for determining the vertical position ofthe path of travel of the ram relative to said cylinder, said means comprising an annular member mounted in said recess and secured in threaded engagement with said cylinder.

25. In a machine, a cylinder, a ram constituting a pressure element of said machine and adapted to reciprocate through a stroke of fixed length in said. cylinder, the latter having an inlet pressure opening, a second cylinder having an outlet opening associated with said inlet opening, a piston in said second cylinder, means for reciprocating said piston through a stroke of predetermined length, the displacement of said piston through its stroke being greater than the displacement of said ram through its stroke, a third cylinder having an inlet opening, a piston slidably mounted in said third cylinoer, and passages connecting all three cylinders.

26. In a machine, a cylinder, a ram constituting a pressure element for said machine and adapted to reciprocate through a stroke of fixed length in said cylinder, the latter having an inlet pressure opening, a second cylinder having an outlet opening associated with said inlet opening, a piston in said second cylinder, means for reciprocating said piston through a stroke of fixed length, the displacement of said piston through its stroke being greater than the displacement of said ram through its stroke, a third cylinder having an inlet opening, a piston slidably mounted in said third cylinder, passages connecting all three cylinders, and means for applying pressure to the upper side of the second piston.

JOHN WILSON BROWN, JR.

successively 

